Interevaluator reliability of a tool for measuring body height in adult intensive care patients.

BACKGROUND: The calculation of body height in the intensive care unit is essential for obtaining the ideal body weight, which is used to program the tidal volume and establish objective and effective pulmonary ventilation. The objective of the study was to determine the interrater reliability of a tool for measuring body height in adult patients in an intensive care unit (ICU) in southwestern Colombia. METHODS: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted between January and May 2021, following the recommendations of the COSMIN protocol. Two physiotherapists in the roles of observer/evaluator measured the heights of 106 patients upon admission to the ICU with a previously designed. The sample size was calculated based on Pearson's correlation coefficient. For interrater reliability, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used, and Bland-Altman analysis was used to assess concordance. The 95% confidence interval was established, and a P value <0.05 indicated statistical significance. RESULTS: A total of 106 individuals with a mean age of 59.3 years were included; the mean body height was 158.5 cm for women. The interrater reliability of the measurement of height was excellent (global ICC of 0.99, P = 0.000), and an almost perfect positive correlation was obtained between the raters for both women and men (R = 0.99). CONCLUSIONS: Excellent interrater/interobserver reliability was obtained for the measurement of body height in the ICU. This research highlights the importance of protocolizing the measurement of height in critical patients with valid and reliable instruments.

Changes in Height and Body Weight Within a Time Period of 35 Years in Males of the Same Age / Cambios en la Altura y el Peso Corporal en un Período de 35 Años en Hombres de la Misma Edad

SUMMARY: Height and body weight measurements are among the most important anthropometric variables when assessing a population's growth, development and body composition. This study aimed to evaluate the height and body weight variability of male entities aged 17-18 years within 35 years. This goal was realized by comparing the height and body weight of the population of the same gender and age in three different time studies. The descriptive statistical parameters and T-test for independent groups show systematic and significant differences in measured variables between three measurements in different timelines. Both in body height and body weight, from measurement to measurement, significant systematic and statistically significant differences (p<0.01) have been identified (1985: BH= 172.8cm, BW= 61.7kg; 2004: BH=176.8 cm, BW=66.9 kg; 2019: BH=178.5 cm, BW=72 kg). The results of this study prove that the change in the socio-economic status of a population over a period time of 35 years can significantly affect the growth and development of children/adolescents.

Las medidas de altura y peso corporal se encuentran entre las variables antropométricas más importantes a la hora de evaluar el crecimiento, el desarrollo y la composición corporal de una población. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la variabilidad de la altura y el peso corporal de entidades masculinas de 17 a 18 años dentro de 35 años. Este objetivo se logró comparando la altura y el peso corporal de la población del mismo sexo y edad en tres estudios temporales diferentes. Los parámetros estadísticos descriptivos y la prueba T para grupos independientes muestran diferencias sistemáticas y significativas en las variables medidas entre tres mediciones en diferentes líneas de tiempo. Tanto en la altura como en el peso corporal, de medición en medición, se han identificado diferencias significativas sistemáticas y estadísticamente significativas (p<0,01) (1985: BH= 172,8 cm, BW= 61,7 kg; 2004: BH=176,8 cm, BW=66,9 kg; 2019: BH=178,5 cm, BW=72 kg). Los resultados de este estudio demuestran que el cambio en el estatus socioeconómico de una población durante un período de 35 años puede afectar significativamente el crecimiento y desarrollo de niños/ adolescentes.

Intermittent hypoxia in sport nutrition, performance, health status and body composition.

Introduction: Intermittent hypoxia refers to the discontinuous use of low oxygen levels in normobaric environment. These conditions can be reproduced in hypoxic tents or chambers while the individual is training in different physical activity protocols. Intermittent hypoxia can affect several body systems, impacting nutrition, physical performance, health status and body composition. Therefore, it is necessary to assess protocols, regarding time and frequency of exposure, passive exposure or training in hypoxia, and the simulated altitude. At the molecular level, the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α is the primary factor mediating induction of target genes, including vascular endothelial growth factor and erythropoietin. The goal of these molecular changes is to preserve oxygen supply for cardiac and neuronal function. In addition, hypoxia produces a sympathetic adrenal activation that can increase the resting metabolic rate. Altogether, these changes are instrumental in protocols designed to improve physical performance as well as functional parameters for certain pathological disorders. In addition, nutrition must adapt to the increased energy expenditure. In this last context, performing physical activity in intermittent hypoxia improves insulin sensitivity by increasing the presence of the glucose transporter GLUT-4 in muscle membranes. These changes could also be relevant for obesity and type 2 diabetes treatment. Also, the anorectic effect of intermittent hypoxia modulates serotonin and circulating leptin levels, which may contribute to regulate food intake and favor body weight adaptation for optimal sport performance and health. All these actions suggest that intermittent hypoxia can be a very effective tool in sports training as well as in certain clinical protocols.

Introducción: La hipoxia intermitente se refiere al uso discontinuo de bajas concentraciones de oxígeno en un entorno normobárico. Estas condiciones pueden ser reproducidas en tiendas de hipoxia o en cámaras mientras el sujeto está entrenando diferentes protocolos de actividad física. La hipoxia intermitente puede afectar a varios sistemas corporales, impactando sobre la nutrición, el estado de salud y la composición corporal. Por lo tanto, es necesario establecer protocolos que consideren el tiempo y la frecuencia de exposición, exposición pasiva o entrenamiento en hipoxia, así como la altitud simulada. A nivel molecular, el factor inducible por hypoxia-1α es el primer factor que media la activación de genes diana, incluidos el factor de crecimiento del endotelio vascular y la eritropoyetina. La finalidad de estos cambios es preservar el aporte de oxígeno para la función cardiaca y neuronal. Además, la hipoxia produce activación simpático-adrenal, que puede incrementar el metabolismo basal. Todos estos cambios son necesarios en protocolos diseñados para mejorar el rendimiento físico al igual que parámetros funcionales para el tratamiento de ciertas patologías. Además, la nutrición debe adaptarse al gasto energético incrementado. En este contexto, la ejecución de actividad física en hipoxia intermitente mejora la sensibilidad a la insulina incrementando la presencia del transportador de glucosa GLUT-4 en las membranas musculares. Estos cambios podrían ser también relevantes para el tratamiento de la obesidad y la diabetes tipo 2. Además, el efecto anoréxico de la hipoxia intermitente modula los niveles de serotonina y leptina, contribuyendo a regular la ingesta de comida y favoreciendo una adaptación óptima del peso corporal para el desempeño deportivo y la salud. Todas estas acciones sugieren que la hipoxia intermitente puede ser una herramienta muy efectiva en entrenamiento deportivo, al igual que en ciertos protocolos clínicos.

Effect of Moringa olifera leaves on growth and gut microbiota of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) / Efeito das folhas da Moringa olifera no crescimento e na microbiota intestinal da tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus)

Abstract The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Moringa olifera on the growth and gut health of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The feed having 30% crude protein was prepared as an experimental diet with 4%, 8% and 10% M. olifera leaf supplementation, respectively. The control diet was devoid of M. olifera leaves. The 10 weeks feeding trial was carried out on 60 fish in aquaria. Fish was fed @ 3% of body weight twice a day. Diet with the high level of inclusion of M. olifera leaves significantly increased the growth rate, Survival Rate (SR), Specific Growth Rate (SGR) and Feed Conversion Efficiency (FCE) in all treatment groups compared to the control group. Similarly, Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) gradually decreased and found highly-significant. To check the gut health of the Tilapia, random samples were selected and dissected. Nutrient agar was used as culture media to check the growth of bacteria. Pour Plate Method was used for viable colonies count by colony counter. Through staining method, the different bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were identify abundantly in the intestine of control diet fish but less number present in treatment diets groups. These results showed that M. olifera leaves up to 10% of dietary protein can be used for Nile tilapia for significant growth and healthy gut microbiota of fish.

Resumo O estudo foi conduzido para avaliar o efeito da Moringa olifera no crescimento e saúde intestinal da tilápia (Oreochromis niloticus). A ração com 30% de proteína bruta foi preparada como dieta experimental com 4%, 8% e 10% de suplementação de folhas de M. olifera, respectivamente. A dieta controle foi desprovida de folhas de M. olifera. O ensaio de alimentação de 10 semanas foi realizado em 60 peixes em aquários. O peixe pesava 3% do peso corporal duas vezes ao dia. A dieta com alto nível de inclusão de folhas de M. olifera aumentou significativamente a taxa de crescimento, taxa de sobrevivência (SR), taxa de crescimento de sobrevivência (SGR) e eficiência de conversão alimentar (FCE) em todos os grupos de tratamento em comparação com o grupo de controle. Da mesma forma, a taxa de conversão de alimentação (FCR) diminuiu gradualmente e foi considerada altamente significativa. Para verificar a saúde intestinal da tilápia, amostras aleatórias foram selecionadas e dissecadas. O ágar nutriente foi usado como meio de cultura para verificar o crescimento das bactérias. O método da placa de Verter foi usado para a contagem de colônias viáveis ​​por contador de colônias. Através do método de coloração, diferentes como Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella e Pseudomonas aeruginosa foram identificados abundantemente no intestino de peixes da dieta controle, mas em menor número nos grupos de dieta de tratamento. Esses resultados mostraram que M. olifera deixa até 10% da proteína dietética e pode ser usado para tilápia do Nilo para um crescimento significativo e microbiota intestinal saudável de peixes.

Association between childhood anthropometric indicators and bone mineral density in adulthood / Associação entre indicadores antropométricos na infância e densidade mineral óssea na idade adulta

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to verify the association between childhood anthropometric indicators and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) in adulthood. Methods: Repeated measures of 137 subjects (68 females) were obtained in childhood (9.2±1.5 years of age) and adulthood (22.3±1.7 years of age). aBMD (g/cm2) was assessed for whole body, lumbar spine, upper and lower limbs, and femoral neck in adulthood using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Anthropometric measurements of body weight (BW), height, triceps and subscapular skinfolds were obtained in childhood. The anthropometric indicators used were BW, body mass index (BMI), and sum of skinfolds (ΣSF). Simple linear regression was used to assess the association between childhood anthropometric indicators and aBMD in adulthood, controlled by chronological age and stratified by sex, with 5% statistical significance. Results: In females, multiple associations were observed between anthropometric indicators and aBMD, with higher coefficients for BMI (β=0.020; R2=0.20; p<0.01 for right femoral neck to β=0.008; R2=0.16; p<0.01 for upper limbs), followed by BW (β=0.003; R2=0.21; p<0.01 for upper limbs to β=0.008; R2=0.20; p<0.01 for right femoral neck) and ΣSF (β=0.001; R2=0.06; p<0.01 for upper limbs to β=0.005; R2=0.12; p<0.01 for right femoral neck). In males, associations were observed only for the lumbar spine region (β=0.016; R2=0.09 for BMI to β=0.004; R2=0.06; p<0.01 for ΣSF). Conclusions: Anthropometric indicators of childhood proved to be sensitive predictors of aBMD in adulthood, especially in females. BMI indicated a greater association with aBMD in both sexes.

RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a associação entre os indicadores antropométricos da infância com a área da densidade mineral óssea (aDMO) na idade adulta. Métodos: Medidas repetidas de 137 sujeitos (68 do sexo feminino) foram obtidos na infância (9,2±1,5 anos de idade) e idade adulta (22,3±1,7 anos de idade). A aDMO (g/cm2) foi avaliada para todo o corpo, coluna lombar, membros superiores e inferiores e colo do fêmur na idade adulta usando a absorciometria radiológica de dupla energia (DXA). Medidas antropométricas de peso corporal, estatura e dobras cutâneas das regiões tricipital e subescapular foram obtidas na infância. Os indicadores antropométricos utilizados para as análises foram o peso corporal (PC), o índice de massa corporal (IMC) e o somatório de dobras cutâneas (ΣDC). Regressão linear simples controlada pela idade e estratificada por sexo foi empregada para avaliar a associação entre os indicadores antropométricos do período da infância na aDMO na idade adulta, com significância estatística de 5%. Resultados: No sexo feminino, múltiplas associações foram observadas entre os indicadores antropométricos e a aDMO, com maiores coeficientes para IMC (β=0,020; R2=0,20; p<0.01 para colo do fêmur direito a β=0,008; R2=0,16; p<0,01 para membros superiores), seguido da PC (β=0,003; r2=0,21; p<0,01 para membros superiores a β=0,008; r2=0,20; p<0,01 para colo do fêmur direito) e ΣDC (β=0,001; R2=0,06; p<0,01 para membros superiores a β=0,005; R2=0,12; p<0,01 para colo do fêmur direito). No sexo masculino, associações ocorreram apenas na região da coluna (β=0,016; R2=0,09 para IMC a β=0,004; R2=0,06; p<0,01 para ΣDC). Conclusões: Indicadores antropométricos da infância mostraram ser sensíveis preditores da aDMO na idade adulta, especialmente no sexo feminino. O IMC indicou maior associação com a aDMO em ambos os sexos.

Excesso de peso pré-gestacional e ácidos graxos poli-insaturados no leite humano: modelo teórico de causalidade / Pre-gestational overweight and polyunsaturated fatty acids in human milk: theoretical causality model

Resumo Inúmeros estudos têm se detido na avaliação da associação entre o excesso de peso pré-gestacional e os ácidos graxos poli-insaturados no leite humano. Todavia, diante da complexidade de fatores de risco potencialmente confundidores, é recomendável a utilização de ferramentas gráficas para identificar possíveis vieses. O objetivo deste artigo é propor um modelo teórico de causalidade utilizando o gráfico acíclico direcionado entre o excesso de peso pré-gestacional e os ácidos graxos poli-insaturados no leite humano. Foi realizada ampla revisão da literatura para identificar as variáveis com relações causais com a exposição e/ou desfecho. A escolha das variáveis para ajuste seguiu o algoritmo gráfico que compreende seis critérios para a seleção de um conjunto mínimo de variáveis potencialmente confundidoras. Condições socioeconômicas, intervalo interpartal, idade materna e padrão de consumo alimentar foram as variáveis ajustadas a fim de se estimar o efeito total do excesso de peso pré-gestacional sobre o conteúdo dos ácidos graxos poli-insaturados no leite humano. O conjunto mínimo de variáveis encontrado pelo presente estudo pode ser utilizado na análise de outros estudos que avaliem essa associação.

Abstract A number of studies have focused on the evaluation of the relationship between pre-pregnancy overweight and polyunsaturated fatty acids content in human milk. However, given the complexity of potentially confounding risk factors, the use of graphical tools is recommended to identify possible biases. This article aims to propose a theoretical model of causality using the directed acyclic graph between pre-pregnancy overweight and polyunsaturated fatty acids content in human milk. Methods: An extensive literature review was performed to identify variables with causal relationships with exposure and/or outcome. The choice of variables for adjustment followed the graphic algorithm that comprises six criteria for selecting a minimum set of potentially confounding variables. Socioeconomic conditions, interpartum interval, maternal age and food consumption pattern were the variables that would have to be adjusted in order to estimate the total effect of pre-pregnancy overweight on polyunsaturated fatty acids content in human milk. The minimum set of variables found in the present study can be used in the analysis of other studies that evaluate this association.

Body mass to predict 4-6 rm of pectoral and leg muscles exercises in bodybuilders / Predicción de 4-6 rm de ejercicios de piernas y pectorales por masa corporal / Predição de 4-6 rm de exercicios de perna e peitoral pela massa corporal

ABSTRACT Introduction: Submaximal strength testing appears to be valid to prescribe the intensity for strength training protocols that reduce the risk of injuries and testing time. Objective: This study aimed to assess the predictive ability of body mass parameters to estimate 4-6 repetitions maximum (4-6 RM) of Leg press 45°, Chest press, and Pull-down exercises. Methods: Eleven male bodybuilders (age 38.27 ± 10.48 years) participated in this study. Participants completed an incremental external load up to find the load allowing them to perform 4 to 6 maximal repetitions for each exercise in random order. The starting load was 50% of body mass for chest press and pull-down exercises and 100% for leg press. The load increment after each set was 20 kg for lower limb exercises and 10 kg for upper body exercises. Results: Results revealed that body mass had good to optimal relationships with 4-6 RM for all three exercises. Results showed that body mass had a good prediction ability for all three criterion measures. Conclusion: The prediction equations suggested in this study may allow coaches to estimate the 4-6 RM of leg press 45°, chest press, and pull-down performances. Evidence Level IV; Case series.

RESUMEN Introducción: El test de fuerza submáxima parece ser válido para prescribir la intensidad en protocolos de entrenamiento de fuerza, reduciendo el riesgo de lesiones y la duración del test. Objetivo: Evaluar la capacidad predictiva de los parámetros de masa corporal para estimar 4-6 repeticiones máximas (4-6 RM) de ejercicios de Leg press 45°, Chest press y Pull-down realizados por fisicoculturistas. Métodos: Once fisicoculturistas masculinos (38,27 ± 10,48 años) participaron en el estudio. Completaron la carga externa incremental hasta encontrar la carga que les permitiera realizar de 4 a 6 repeticiones máximas para cada ejercicio, en orden aleatorio. La carga inicial se fijó en el 50% de la masa corporal para los ejercicios Chest press y Pull-down, y en el 100% para los ejercicios Leg press. El incremento de carga después de cada ronda fue de 20 kg para los miembros inferiores y 10 kg para los miembros superiores. Resultados: Los resultados revelaron que la masa corporal tiene relaciones satisfactorias con 4-6 RM para los tres ejercicios. Los resultados mostraron que la masa corporal tiene una buena capacidad predictiva en las tres medidas. Conclusión: Las ecuaciones de predicción sugeridas en este estudio pueden permitir a los entrenadores utilizar estos ejercicios para medir el rendimiento a 4-6 RM en ejercicios de Leg press 45°, Chest press y Pull-down. Nivel de Evidencia IV; serie de casos.

RESUMO Introdução: O teste de força submáxima parece ser válido para prescrever a intensidade nos protocolos de treinamento de força, reduzindo o risco de lesões e duração dos testes. Objetivo: Avaliar a capacidade preditiva dos parâmetros de massa corporal para estimar o exercício de 4-6 repetições máximas (4-6 RM) nos exercícios de Leg press 45°, Chest press e Pull-down efetuados por fisiculturistas. Métodos: Onze fisiculturistas masculinos (38,27 ± 10,48 anos) participaram do estudo. Eles completaram a carga externa incremental até encontrar a carga que lhes permitia realizar de 4 a 6 repetições máximas para cada exercício, em ordem aleatória. A carga inicial foi fixada em 50% da massa corporal para os exercícios de Chest press e Pull-down, e 100% para o de Leg press. O incremento de carga após cada rodada foi de 20 kg para o exercício de membros inferiores e 10 kg em membros superiores. Resultados: Os resultados revelaram que a massa corporal apresenta relações satisfatórias com 4-6 RM para todos os três exercícios. Os resultados mostraram que a massa corporal possui boa capacidade preditiva em todas as três medidas. Conclusão: As equações de previsão sugeridas nesse estudo podem permitir o uso desses exercícios pelos técnicos para medir a performance a 4-6 RM nos exercícios de Leg press 45°, Chest press, e Pull-down. Nível de evidência IV; série de casos.

Effect of Moringa olifera leaves on growth and gut microbiota of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Abstract The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Moringa olifera on the growth and gut health of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The feed having 30% crude protein was prepared as an experimental diet with 4%, 8% and 10% M. olifera leaf supplementation, respectively. The control diet was devoid of M. olifera leaves. The 10 weeks feeding trial was carried out on 60 fish in aquaria. Fish was fed @ 3% of body weight twice a day. Diet with the high level of inclusion of M. olifera leaves significantly increased the growth rate, Survival Rate (SR), Specific Growth Rate (SGR) and Feed Conversion Efficiency (FCE) in all treatment groups compared to the control group. Similarly, Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) gradually decreased and found highly-significant. To check the gut health of the Tilapia, random samples were selected and dissected. Nutrient agar was used as culture media to check the growth of bacteria. Pour Plate Method was used for viable colonies count by colony counter. Through staining method, the different bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were identify abundantly in the intestine of control diet fish but less number present in treatment diets groups. These results showed that M. olifera leaves up to 10% of dietary protein can be used for Nile tilapia for significant growth and healthy gut microbiota of fish.

Resumo O estudo foi conduzido para avaliar o efeito da Moringa olifera no crescimento e saúde intestinal da tilápia (Oreochromis niloticus). A ração com 30% de proteína bruta foi preparada como dieta experimental com 4%, 8% e 10% de suplementação de folhas de M. olifera, respectivamente. A dieta controle foi desprovida de folhas de M. olifera. O ensaio de alimentação de 10 semanas foi realizado em 60 peixes em aquários. O peixe pesava 3% do peso corporal duas vezes ao dia. A dieta com alto nível de inclusão de folhas de M. olifera aumentou significativamente a taxa de crescimento, taxa de sobrevivência (SR), taxa de crescimento de sobrevivência (SGR) e eficiência de conversão alimentar (FCE) em todos os grupos de tratamento em comparação com o grupo de controle. Da mesma forma, a taxa de conversão de alimentação (FCR) diminuiu gradualmente e foi considerada altamente significativa. Para verificar a saúde intestinal da tilápia, amostras aleatórias foram selecionadas e dissecadas. O ágar nutriente foi usado como meio de cultura para verificar o crescimento das bactérias. O método da placa de Verter foi usado para a contagem de colônias viáveis por contador de colônias. Através do método de coloração, diferentes como Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella e Pseudomonas aeruginosa foram identificados abundantemente no intestino de peixes da dieta controle, mas em menor número nos grupos de dieta de tratamento. Esses resultados mostraram que M. olifera deixa até 10% da proteína dietética e pode ser usado para tilápia do Nilo para um crescimento significativo e microbiota intestinal saudável de peixes.

Liver Size and its Correlation with Anthropometric Parameters and Age / El Tamaño del Hígado y su Correlación con los Parámetros Antropométricos y la Edad

SUMMARY: The liver has over 500 physiological and biochemical roles in our organism so checking of liver size and function is a part of every clinical examination. Aim of our research was to estimate liver size on computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen images and to determinate relations between liver dimensions and anthropometric parameters. The research included 99 patients, 49 men and 50 women, who were referred for CT of abdomen. We measured body height (BH) and body mass (BM), and calculated body mass index (BMI) and body surface area (BSA). Also, on CT images we measured anteroposterior (AP), laterolateral (LL) and two craniocaudal liver diameters (one at the level of midclavicular line - CCmcl, and the other was maximal - CCmax). Liver volume (LV) was calculated with formula. Our results showed that AP diameter positively correlated with BSA (r=0.30) in women. LL diameter positively correlated with BH (r=0.43), and BSA (0.31) in men. CCmcl diameter positively correlated with BH (r=0.33), BM (r=0.31), and BSA (r=0.34) in men, while in women it correlated only with BH (r=0.38). CCmax diameter positively correlated with BH (r=0.33) and BSA (r=0.33) in men. LV positively correlated with BH and BSA in both men (r=0.36, r=0.33, respectively) and women (r=0.42, r=0.31, respectively), and in men also with BM (r=0.34). LL, CCmcl, CCmax, and LV negatively correlated with aging in both sexes After the age of 60, there was a decrease in size of LL, CC diameters, as well as in LV. We concluded that liver dimensions decrease with aging, regardless of sex at the expanse of LL and CC diameters which are related to the size of body parameters, so that for a precise evaluation of liver size all three diameters should be measured, LV as well as BH, BM, and BSA.

El hígado desempeña más de 500 funciones fisiológicas y bioquímicas en nuestro organismo, por lo que comprobar el tamaño y la función de este órgano es parte de cada examen clínico. El objetivo de nuestra investigación fue estimar el tamaño del hígado mediante tomografía computarizada (TC) de imágenes del abdomen y determinar las relaciones entre las dimensiones del hígado y los parámetros antropométricos. La investigación incluyó a 99 pacientes, 49 hombres y 50 mujeres, que fueron remitidos para TC de abdomen. Medimos la altura corporal (BH) y la masa corporal (BM), y calculamos el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y el área de superficie corporal (BSA). Además, en las imágenes de TC medimos los diámetros hepáticos anteroposterior (AP), laterolateral (LL) y dos craneocaudales (uno a nivel de la línea medioclavicular - CCmcl, y el diámetro máximo - CCmax). El volumen del hígado (VI) se calculó con una fórmula. Nuestros resultados mostraron que el diámetro AP se correlacionó positivamente con BSA (r = 0,30) en mujeres. El diámetro de LL se correlacionó positivamente con BH (r=0,43) y BSA (0,31) en hombres. El diámetro CCmcl se correlacionó positivamente con BH (r=0,33), BM (r=0,31) y BSA (r=0,34) en hombres, mientras que en mujeres se correlacionó solo con BH (r=0,38). El diámetro CCmax se correlacionó positivamente con BH (r=0,33) y BSA (r=0,33) en hombres. El VI se correlacionó positivamente con BH y BSA tanto en hombres (r=0,36, r=0,33, respectivamente) como en mujeres (r=0,42, r=0,31, respectivamente), y en hombres también con BM (r=0,34). LL, CCmcl, CCmax y LV se correlacionaron negativamente con el envejecimiento en ambos sexos. Después de los 60 años, hubo una disminución en el tamaño de los diámetros LL, CC y LV. Concluimos que las dimensiones del hígado disminuyen con la edad, independientemente del sexo, en la extensión de los diámetros LL y CC que están relacionados con el tamaño de los parámetros corporales, por lo que para una evaluación precisa del tamaño del hígado se debe medir LV como BH, BM y BSA.

Factors associated with the consumption of fruits and vegetables in latin american university students

Objective: Explore the association between compliance with recommended consumption (5-a-day) of fruits and vegetables (F&V) with sociodemographic factors of university students of Latin America. Subjects: We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study in which 4,880 university students from 10 Latin American countries completed a self-administered online survey. Methods: F&V consumption and other sociodemographic variables were measured according to a validated survey. Body mass index was self-reported. Ordinal logistic regression models were applied. Results: Regarding the consumption of F&V, 4.7% of men complied with the recommendation, while in women this value reached 7.7%. In the adjusted model, having a normal weight (OR= 0.59; 95% CI 0.44-0.7; p=<0.001), being female (OR= 0.67; 95% CI 0.49-0.89; p=<0.01), being enrolled in a health-related degree program (OR= 0,60; IC95% 0,45-0,78; p<0.001), having professional parents (OR= 0.75; 95% CI 0.60-0.95; p=<0.05) and practicing physical activity (OR= 0.34; 95% CI 0.27-0.42; p=<0.001) were associated with compliance to F&V consumption recommendations. In the analysis by country, physical activity was the variable most associated with F&V consumption. Conclusion: We observed a low consumption of F&V in university students. The variables associated with compliance to the F&V recommendation were being normal weight, female, being enrolled in a health-related degree program, having professional parents, and practicing physical activity, the latter being the most important variable.

Objetivo: Explorar la asociación de la frecuencia de cumplimiento de las recomendaciones de consumo (5 al día) de frutas y verduras (F&V) con factores sociodemográficos de estudiantes universitarios de América Latina. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico con 4.880 estudiantes universitarios de 10 países de América Latina, quienes completaron una encuesta en línea autoadministrada. Se midió el consumo de F&V y otras variables sociodemográficas según una encuesta previamente validada. El índice de masa corporal fue autoinformado. Se aplicaron modelos de regresión logística ordinal. Resultados: En cuanto al consumo de F&V, en los hombres el 4,7% cumple con la recomendación, mientras que en las mujeres este valor alcanza el 7,7%. En el modelo más ajustado, presentar normopeso (OR= 0,59; IC 95% 0,44-0,7; p=<0,001), ser mujer (OR= 0,67; IC 95% 0,49-0,89; p=<0,01), estar matriculado en carrera relacionada con la salud (OR= 0,60; IC95% 0,45-0,78; p<0,001), tener padres profesionales (OR= 0,75; IC 95% 0,60-0,95; p=<0,05) y realizar actividad física (OR= 0,34; IC 95% 0,27-0,42; p=<0,001) fueron las variables asociadas al cumplimiento del consumo de F&V. En el análisis por país, la actividad física fue la variable más asociada al consumo de F&V. Conclusión: Se observa un bajo consumo de F&V en estudiantes universitarios, y entre las variables asociadas al cumplimiento de la recomendación de F&V se encuentran estar normopeso, sexo femenino, estar cursando una carrera relacionada con la salud, tener los padres y la práctica de actividad física, siendo esta última la variable más importante.

Actividad física durante el embarazo y su relación con la ganancia de peso gestacional / Physical activity during pregnancy and its relationship with gestational weight gain / Atividade física durante a gestação e sua relação com o ganho de peso gestacional

Objetivo: describir los patrones de actividad física de una cohorte de gestantes de nuestro medio y explorar su asociación con la ganancia de peso en cada uno de los trimestres del embarazo. Método: estudio descriptivo longitudinal sobre una muestra de 151 mujeres. Se utilizó el Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física para evaluar la actividad física durante el embarazo en función del volumen, intensidad y ámbito de realización. Se llevaron a cabo diferentes modelos de regresión lineal múltiple para analizar la asociación entre actividad física y ganancia de peso gestacional. Resultados: la actividad física disminuyó durante el embarazo, tanto en tiempo como en intensidad. El índice de masa corporal pre-gestacional fue el principal factor asociado con una menor ganancia de peso a lo largo de todo el embarazo. La influencia de la actividad física sobre la ganancia de peso gestacional se limitó al tercer trimestre del embarazo en el que se observó una asociación inversa entre ambas variables. Conclusión: los resultados de este estudio muestran un importante descenso de la actividad física en la época del embarazo y sugieren una influencia limitada de ésta sobre la ganancia de peso gestacional.

Objective: to describe the physical activity patterns of a cohort comprised by pregnant women from our environment and to explore its association with weight gain in each of the trimesters of pregnancy. Methods: a descriptive and longitudinal study conducted with a sample of 151 women. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to assess physical activity during pregnancy based on volume, intensity and setting where it is performed. Different multiple linear regression models were performed to analyze the association between physical activity and gestational weight gain Results: physical activity decreased during pregnancy, both in terms of time and intensity. Pre-gestational Body Mass Index was the main factor associated with lower weight gain throughout pregnancy. The influence of physical activity on gestational weight gain was limited to the third trimester of pregnancy, where an inverse association was observed between both variables. Conclusion: the results of this study show an important reduction in physical activity during pregnancy and suggest that it exerts a limited influence on gestational weight gain

Objetivo: descrever os padrões de atividade física de uma coorte de gestantes em nosso meio e explorar sua associação com o ganho de peso em cada um dos trimestres de gestação. Método: estudo descritivo longitudinal com uma amostra de 151 mulheres. O Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física foi utilizado para avaliar a atividade física durante a gestação de acordo com o volume, intensidade e escopo do desempenho. Diferentes modelos de regressão linear múltipla foram utilizados para analisar a associação entre atividade física e ganho de peso gestacional. Resultados: a atividade física diminuiu durante a gestação, tanto em tempo quanto em intensidade. O índice de massa corporal pré-gestacional foi o principal fator associado ao menor ganho de peso ao longo da gestação. A influência da atividade física no ganho de peso gestacional limitou-se ao terceiro trimestre de gestação, no qual foi observada associação inversa entre ambas as variáveis. Conclusão: os resultados deste estudo mostram uma diminuição significativa da atividade física no momento da gravidez e sugerem uma influência limitada desta no ganho de peso gestacional.

Efecto del implante anticonceptivo sub-dérmico de Etonogestrel sobre el peso corporal en mujeres en edad reproductiva

Objetivo: Analizar el efecto sobre el peso corporal de la anticoncepción hormonal continua mediante implante sub-dérmico liberador de etonogestrel (ENG) en mujeres en edad reproductiva atendidas en la consulta de planificación familiar de un hospital venezolano. Métodos: Investigación comparativa, con diseño cuasi experimental, de casos y controles, a etiqueta abierta, y prospectivo; con una muestra intencionada de 60 mujeres separadas para recibir bien sea un implante subdérmico (Implanon NXT®; casos) o un dispositivo intrauterino (DIU) de cobre (T de cobre; controles). Se evaluaron el peso corporal e índice de masa corporal antes y posterior de doce meses del uso del contraceptivo; así como las características demográficas de las usuarias, efectos adversos y efectividad anticonceptiva de cada método. Resultados: Luego de un año con el implante de ENG no se encontraron variaciones significativas respecto a las mediciones iniciales del peso corporal (61,21±8,30 vs. 61,23±9,50, p>0,5) e IMC (25,23±3.89 vs. 25,26 ±4,30; p>0,05); contrariamente, a lo observado entre las usuarias del DIU donde tanto el peso corporal como el IMC tuvieron un aumento significativo (P<0,05). Asimismo, la mayoría de las usuarias se mantuvieron en el mismo rango de peso donde se encontraban al iniciar el método (p<0,001); mientras que la ganancia ponderal fue mayor entre las usuarias del DIU (1,530±2,04 vs. 3,700±3,02; p<0,05). Conclusiones: El implante de ENG no produce aumento del peso corporal luego de 12 meses de uso, con mínimos efectos adversos y alta efectividad contraceptiva.

Aim: To analyse the effect on body weight of continuous hormonal contraception by releasing subdermal implant etonogestrel (ENG) in women of reproductive age treated in the family planning consultation of a Venezuelan hospital. Methods: Comparative and applied research, with quasiexperimental, case-control, open label and prospective design, with an intentional sample of 60 women separated to receive the contraceptive implant (Implanon NXT®; cases) or a cooper intrauterine device (IUD) (Cooper T; controls) was carried out. Body weight and body mass index were evaluated before and after 12 months of contraceptive use; as well as demographic characteristics of users, side effects, and contraceptive effectiveness of each method. Results: After one year with the ENG implant, no significant variations were found with respect to initial measurements of body weight (61.21±8.30 vs. 61.23±9.50, p>0.5) and BMI (25.23±3.89 vs 25.26±4.30; p>0.05); on the contrary, to what was observed among IUD users where both body weight and BMI had a significant increase (P<0.05). Likewise, most users remained in the same weight range as when starting the method (p<0.001); while weight gain was greater among IUD users (1,530±2.04 vs. 3,700±3.02; p<0.05). Conclusions: The ENG implant does not produce an increase in body weight after 12 months of use, with minimal adverse effects and high contraceptive efficacy.

Association Between Hormone Therapy and Weight Gain in the Menopause Transition and After Menopause: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objectives: to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis in order to assess whether hormone therapy (HT) increases weight in women in the menopausal transition and after menopause. Method: this article proposes an update to the systematic review published in 2005 by the Cochrane Library (Kongnyuy EJ et al 2005) with reference to studies assessing weight changes in women receiving HT from 1986 to 2005. Following PRISMA recommendations, we included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) ) from May 2005 onwards from Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane CENTRAL databases. Standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Two authors independently assessed the risk of biases in the selected studies. Results: ten RCTs were included, totaling 2,588 HT users and 764 non-users. Different regimens, dosages, and routes of administration in HT users were analyzed and compared to non-users. The results did not show statistically significant differences for most of the HT regimens evaluated. There was significant weight gain only in patients using EEC alone at dosages of 0.45 mg/day and 0.3 mg/day when compared to placebo (p 0.01); as well as in patients receiving esto-progestative combinations of 0.5 mg/day 17-beta-estradiol (E2) + 100 mg/day progesterone, with a 0.7 kg weight increase (p 0.032). On the other hand, the combinations of 1 mg/day estradiol valerate + 3 mg/day drospirenone showed a -1.0 kg reduction (p = 0.04), whereas a -0.2 kg reduction (p = 0.001) was identified in patients using 1 mg /day estradiol (E) + 0.5 mg norethisterone acetate (NETA). Tibolone therapy showed no statistically significant changes in weight. After performing a meta-analysis, the comparative results between users and non-users showed that there was a slight weight increase (+0.279 kg ; CI -1.71 to 2.27) in patients using 0.625 mg/day conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) + 2.5 mg/day medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA). As for the patients receiving 2.5 mg/day Tibolone, weight gain (+0.670 kg; CI from -1.14 to 2.48) was also observed in them. However, these increases were not significant when compared to non-HT users. Conclusions: most regimens studied showed that patients using HT in the menopausal transition and after menopause did not show significant weight gain. The only combination that showed weight gain was 0.5 mg/day 17-beta-estradiol (E2) + 100 mg/day progesterone observed, while there was weight reduction in patients using 1 mg/day estradiol valerate + 3 mg/day drospirenone and 1 mg/day estradiol (E) + norethisterone acetate.

Objetivo: realizar uma revisão sistemática e meta-análise para avaliar se a terapia hormonal (TH) aumenta o peso em mulheres na transição menopausal e após a menopausa. Métodos: este artigo propõe uma atualização da revisão sistemática publicada em 2005 pela Cochrane Library (Kongnyuy EJ et al., 2005) com referência a estudos avaliando mudanças de peso em mulheres recebendo TH de 1986 a 2005. Seguindo as recomendações do PRISMA, incluímos ensaios clínicos randomizados (RCTs) de maio de 2005 em diante do Medline, Embase e dos bancos de dados Cochrane CENTRAL. Diferenças médias padronizadas (SMD) e intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC) foram calculados. Dois autores avaliaram independentemente o risco de vieses nos estudos selecionados. Resultados: foram incluídos dez ECRs, totalizando 2.588 usuários de HT e 764 não usuários. Diferentes esquemas, dosagens e vias de administração em usuários de HT foram analisados e comparados a não usuários. Os resultados não mostraram diferenças estatisticamente significativas para a maioria dos esquemas de TH avaliados. Houve ganho de peso significativo apenas nos pacientes que usaram apenas EEC nas doses de 0,45 mg/dia e 0,3 mg/dia quando comparados ao placebo (p 0,01); assim como em pacientes recebendo combinações estoprogestativas de 0,5 mg/dia de 17-beta-estradiol (E2) + 100 mg/dia de progesterona, com aumento de peso de 0,7 kg (p 0,032). Por outro lado, as combinações de 1 mg/dia de valerato de estradiol + 3 mg/dia de drospirenona apresentaram redução de -1,0 kg (p = 0,04), enquanto foi identificada redução de -0,2 kg (p = 0,001) nas pacientes que usaram 1 mg /dia estradiol (E) + 0,5 mg de acetato de noretisterona (NETA). A terapia com tibolona não mostrou alterações estatisticamente significativas no peso. Após realizar uma meta-análise, os resultados comparativos entre usuárias e não usuárias mostraram que houve um leve aumento de peso (+0,279 kg ; IC -1,71 a 2,27) em pacientes em uso de 0,625 mg/dia de estrogênio equino conjugado (CEE) + 2,5 mg/dia de acetato de medroxiprogesterona (MPA). Quanto aos pacientes que receberam Tibolona 2,5 mg/dia, também foi observado ganho de peso (+0,670 kg; IC de -1,14 a 2,48). No entanto, esses aumentos não foram significativos quando comparados aos não usuários de HT. Conclusões: a maioria dos esquemas estudados mostrou que as pacientes em uso de TH na transição menopausal e após a menopausa não apresentaram ganho de peso significativo. A única combinação que apresentou ganho de peso foi 0,5 mg/dia de 17-beta-estradiol (E2) + 100 mg/dia de progesterona, enquanto houve redução de peso nas pacientes que usaram 1 mg/dia de valerato de estradiol + 3 mg/dia de drospirenona e 1 mg/dia estradiol (E) + acetato de noretisterona.

Impacto da pandemia de Covid-19 no consumo alimentare treinamento de praticantes de musculação / Impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on food consumptionand training of bodybuilders

A pandemia de Covid-19 impactou a vida de milhares de pessoas no mundo, e mesmo com a vacinação o número de infectados foi elevado. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo verificar o impacto da pandemia de Covid-19 no consumo alimentar e no treinamento de praticantes de musculação. Foi realizada uma pesquisa transversal, com 134 praticantes de musculação, de ambos os sexos, do Sudoeste do Paraná, Brasil, com idade entre 18 e 50 anos, em setembro de 2021. A pesquisa foi realizada através do siteGoogle Forms®, enviada aos voluntários através de mensagens diretas e mídias sociais. Os dados foram tabulados e analisados no software PSPP. A maioria dos pesquisados relatou percepção de aumento no apetite (50%) e de aumento da quantidade de alimentos ingeridos durante o dia (47%) e do peso corporal (41,8%), sendo que a maioria acreditava que o ganho de peso foi de gordura corporal. Ainda, 40,3% dos pesquisados referiram que a frequência de prática de musculação diminuiu durante a pandemia. Apesar disso, observou-se que os indivíduos relataram consumir mais frutas (50,7%), verduras (49,3%) e legumes (45,5%), e menos açúcar ou adoçantes (34,3%), bebidas açucaradas (31,3%) e lanches tipo fast food (29,9%). Foi possível concluir que apesar do impacto da pandemia na prática de musculação, percepção de aumento de apetite, peso e ingestão alimentar, notou-se melhora da qualidade do consumo alimentar dessa população.

The Covid-19 pandemic has impacted the lives of thousands of people around the world and even with vaccination, the number of infected was high. This research aimed to verify the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on food consumption and training of bodybuilders. A cross-sectional survey was carried out with 134 bodybuilders, of both sexes, from the Southwest of Paraná, Brazil, aged between 18 and 50 years, in September 2021. The survey was carried out through the Google Forms® website, sent to volunteers through direct messages and social media. Data were tabulated and analyzed using the GNU PSPP 1.4.1-g79ad47 software. Most respondents reported an increase in appetite (50%), the amount of food eaten during the day (47%) and body weight (41.8%), with the majority believing that the weight gain was due to fat body. Also, 40.3% of respondents reported that the frequency of bodybuilding practice decreased during the pandemic. Despite this, it was observed that individuals reported consuming more fruits (50.7%), green (49.3%), vegetables (45.5%) and less sugar or sweeteners (34.3%), sugary drinks (31.3%) and fast food snacks (29.9%). It was possible to conclude that despite the impact of the pandemic on bodybuilding practice, perception of increased appetite, weight and food intake, there was an improvement in the quality of food consumption in this population.

Gender network analysis of the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q7) in Peruvian adults.

Introduction: Background: network assessment of eating disorder (ED)-related symptomatology from a gender perspective is an important topic of study; however, there is limited research in the Latin American context. Objective: this study aimed to explore the patterns of association of the components of the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q7) according to gender, using two simultaneous network models in 890 Peruvian adults (63.51 % were women; mean age: 26.40). Methods: two graphs considering the gender factor were made using the R package qgrap and the merged LASSO graph. Results: higher network centrality measures were obtained for items related to body image dissatisfaction and overvaluation in women; while in the men's network, the items of food restriction and overestimation of weight were the most central symptoms. Conclusion: both network models were invariant and showed no significant differences in both structure and connections.

Introducción: Introducción: la evaluación de redes de la sintomatología relacionada con los trastornos alimentarios (TA) desde el punto de vista del género es un tema importante de estudio; sin embargo, existen pocas investigaciones en el contexto latinoamericano. Objetivo: el objetivo de este estudio fue explorar los patrones de asociación de los componentes del Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q7) según el sexo mediante dos modelos de red simultánea en 890 adultos peruanos (63,51 % de mujeres; edad promedio: 26,40 años). Métodos: se realizaron dos gráficos considerando el factor género utilizando el paquete R qgrap y el gráfico LASSO fusionado. Resultados: se obtuvieron medidas de centralidad de red más altas para los ítems relacionados con la insatisfacción y la sobrevaloración de la imagen corporal en las mujeres; mientras que, en la red de los hombres, los ítems de restricción alimentaria y sobrevaloración del peso eran los síntomas más centrales. Conclusión: ambos modelos de red resultaron invariables y no mostraron diferencias significativas a nivel de estructura y conexiones.

[Obesity, weight-related stigma and its association with the perception of quality of life in Chilean university students]. / Obesidad, estigma relacionado con el peso y su asociación con la percepción de la calidad de vida en estudiantes universitarios chilenos.

Introduction: Introduction: little attention has been paid to the effect of exposure to weight-related stigma on the quality of life of young Chileans with obesity. Objective: to identify the prevalence of weight-related stigma and to analyze its association with obesity and the perception of quality of life in university students from Valparaíso, Chile. Methods: correlational type study and cross-sectional design. Two hundred and sixty-two university students participated, from 18 to 29 years old, matriculated in the Faculty of Health Sciences of a public university in Valparaíso, Chile. Quality of life was assessed with the WHOQOL-BREF scale, weight-related stigma with the Brief Stigmatizing Situations Inventory (SSI), and nutritional status with body mass index (BMI) classification. The application of the questionnaires was on-line and the answers were anonymous. Multiple logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between the variables, adjusted for gender and age. Results: the prevalence of stigma related to weight was 13,2 % in eutrophic, 24,4 % in overweight and 68,0 % in obese. Weight-related stigma, rather than obesity itself, is associated with poorer perceived physical health (OR: 4.30; 95 % CI: 2.10-8.80), psychological health (OR: 4.51; 95 % CI: 2.20-9.26), social relationships (OR: 3.21; 95 % CI: 1.56-6.60) and environment (OR: 2.86; 95 % CI: 1.33-6.14). Conclusion: students exposed to stigmatizing situations related to weight had a worse perception of their quality of life compared to those not stigmatized.

Introducción: Introducción: el efecto de la exposición al estigma relacionado en la calidad de vida de los jóvenes con obesidad ha recibido poca atención. Objetivo: identificar la prevalencia de estigma relacionado con el peso y analizar su asociación con la obesidad y la percepción de la calidad de vida en estudiantes universitarios de Valparaíso, Chile. Metodología: estudio de tipo correlacional y diseño transversal. Participaron 262 estudiantes universitarios, de 18 a 29 años de edad, matriculados en la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de una universidad pública de Valparaíso, Chile. La calidad de vida se evaluó con la escala WHOQOL-BREF; el estigma relacionado con el peso, con el Inventario breve de Situaciones Estigmatizantes (SSI); y el estado nutricional, con la clasificación del índice de masa corporal (IMC). La aplicación de los cuestionarios fue en línea y las respuestas fueron anónimas. Se realizaron modelos de regresión logística múltiple para evaluar la asociación entre las variables, ajustados por sexo y edad. Resultados: la prevalencia de estigma relacionado con el peso fue del 13,2 % en eutróficos, 24,4 % en sobrepesos y 68,0 % en obesos. El estigma relacionado con el peso, más que la obesidad en sí misma, se asoció con una peor salud física percibida (OR: 4,30; 95 % IC: 2,10-8,80), salud psicológica (OR: 4,51; 95 % IC: 2,20-9,26), relaciones sociales (OR: 3,21; 95 % IC: 1,56-6,60) y ambiente (OR: 2,86; 95 % IC: 1,33-6,14). Conclusiones: los estudiantes expuestos a situaciones estigmatizantes relacionadas con el peso tuvieron una peor percepción de su calidad de vida en comparación con aquellos no estigmatizados.

Association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet with anthropometric measurements and nutritional status in adolescents.

Introduction: Background: adolescence is a critical period for developing healthy eating habits. It is crucial to evaluate and encourage adherence to the Mediterranean diet, a sustainable and healthy diet model in this age group. Objective: this study aimed to evaluate the relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and anthropometric measurements and nutritional status in Turkish adolescents. Material and methods: the demographic characteristics, health information, nutritional habits, physical activity status, and 24-hour dietary recall of the adolescents were obtained with a questionnaire. Adherence to Mediterranean diet was evaluated with the Mediterranean-Style Dietary Pattern Score (MSDPS). Results: a total of 1,137 adolescents (mean age 14.0 ± 1.37 years) were included; 30.2 % of the boys and 39.5 % of the girls were overweight/obese. The median (interquartile range) value of the MSDPS was 10.7 (7.7), and this value was 11.0 (7.6) for the boys and 10.6 (7.4) for the girls (p > 0.05). The levels of protein, fiber, vitamin A, vitamin C, folate, vitamin B12, iron, magnesium, zinc, and potassium intake increased with adherence to Mediterranean diet (p < 0.001). Age, parental education level, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and skipping meals affected MSDPS. Conclusion: adolescents' adherence to the Mediterranean diet was low and correlated with some anthropometric measures. Increasing adherence to the Mediterranean diet may contribute to preventing obesity and adequate and balanced nutrition in adolescents.

Introducción: Introducción: la adolescencia es un periodo crítico para el desarrollo de hábitos alimentarios saludables. Es fundamental evaluar y fomentar la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea, un modelo de alimentación sostenible y saludable en este grupo de edad. Objetivo: este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la relación entre la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea y las medidas antropométricas y el estado nutricional en adolescentes turcos. Material y métodos: las características demográficas, la información de salud, los hábitos nutricionales, el estado de actividad física y el recuerdo dietético de 24 horas de los adolescentes se obtuvieron mediante un cuestionario. La adherencia a la dieta mediterránea se evaluó con el Mediterranean-Style Dietary Pattern Score (MSDPS). Resultados: se incluyó un total de 1.137 adolescentes (edad media 14,0 ± 1,37 años). El 30,2 % de los niños y el 39,5 % de las niñas tenían sobrepeso/obesidad. El valor de la mediana (rango intercuartílico) del MSDPS fue de 10,7 (7,7), siendo este valor de 11,0 (7,6) para los niños y de 10,6 (7,4) para las niñas (p > 0,05). Los niveles de ingesta de proteína, fibra, vitamina A, vitamina C, folato, vitamina B12, hierro, magnesio, zinc y potasio aumentaron con la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea (p < 0,001). La edad, el nivel de educación de los padres, el índice de masa corporal (IMC), la circunferencia de la cintura y la omisión de comidas afectaron al MSDPS. Conclusión: la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea de los adolescentes fue baja y se correlacionó con algunas medidas antropométricas. El aumento de la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea puede contribuir a la prevención de la obesidad y a una nutrición adecuada y equilibrada en los adolescentes.

Body composition changes following total thyroidectomy: A one-year follow-up study.

INTRODUCTION: Thyroid hormones play an important role in body weight regulation. In this study, we investigated which body composition parameters cause a change in body weight after total thyroidectomy. MATERIALS AND METHOD: We performed a retrospective cohort study of a prospectively maintained database of patients who underwent total thyroidectomy. Demographics, thyroid function tests, indications for surgery, final pathology, and postoperative thyroid status were collected. Body composition analyses measured by the bioelectrical impedance analysis method were recorded at two-time points, 12 months apart. RESULTS: Forty-four patients were included in the study with a mean age of 51.6 years. There were statistically significant increases in weight (p=0.049), body mass index (p=0.021), and fat mass (p=0.001) over time. While 12 patients (27.3%) lost or maintained weight, 32 patients (72.7%) gained weight. There was no significant difference in age, sex, preoperative thyroid function tests, postoperative thyroid status, or pathology between those who gained weight and those who did not. Although changes in all body composition parameters were higher in males than in females, these differences were not significant overall. Multivariable regression analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between increase in fat mass and baseline free-T3 (p=0.041) and found that lower baseline percent body fat was a significant factor for greater fat mass gain (p=0.016). However, no predictors of change in weight were identified. CONCLUSION: We conclude that total thyroidectomy results in a significant change in body weight and fat mass. Higher free-T3 and lower percent body fat at baseline were significant factors of fat mass gain.

Mathematical models to describe the growth curves of Vietnamese Ri chicken / Modelos matemáticos para descrever as curvas de crescimento do frango Ri vietnamita

Abstract Ri chicken is the most popular backyard chicken breed in Vietnam, but little is known about the growth curve of this breed. This study compared the performances of models with three parameters (Gompertz, Brody, and Logistic) and models containing four parameters (Richards, Bridges, and Janoschek) for describing the growth of Ri chicken. The bodyweight of Ri chicken was recorded weekly from week 1 to week 19. Growth models were fitted using minpack.lm package in R software and Akaike's information criterion (AIC), Bayesian information criterion (BIC), and root mean square error (RMSE) were used for model comparison. Based on these criteria, the models having four parameters showed better performance than the ones with three parameters, and the Richards model was the best one for males and females. The lowest and highest value of asymmetric weights (α) were obtained by Bridges and Brody models for each of sexes, respectively. Age and weight estimated by the Richard model were 8.46 and 7.51 weeks and 696.88 and 487.58 g for males and for females, respectively. Differences in the growth curves were observed between males and female chicken. Overall, the results suggested using the Richards model for describing the growth curve of Ri chickens. Further studies on the genetics and genomics of the obtained growth parameters are required before using them for the genetic improvement of Ri chickens.

Resumo O frango Ri é a raça de frango de quintal mais popular do Vietnã, mas pouco se sabe sobre a curva de crescimento dessa raça. Este estudo comparou o desempenho de modelos com três parâmetros (Gompertz, Brody e Logistic) e modelos contendo quatro parâmetros (Richards, Bridges e Janoschek) para descrever o crescimento do frango Ri. O peso corporal do frango Ri foi registrado semanalmente da semana 1 à semana 19. Os modelos de crescimento foram ajustados usando o pacote minpack.lm no software R e o critério de informação de Akaike (AIC); critério de informação bayesiano (BIC) e erro quadrático médio (RMSE) foram usados ​​para comparação de modelos. Com base nesses critérios, os modelos com quatro parâmetros apresentaram melhor desempenho do que os com três parâmetros, sendo o modelo de Richards o melhor para homens e mulheres. O menor e o maior valor dos pesos assimétricos (α) foram obtidos pelos modelos Bridges e Brody para cada um dos sexos, respectivamente. A idade e o peso estimados pelo modelo de Richard foram de 8,46 e 7,51 semanas e 696,88 e 487,58 g para homens e mulheres, respectivamente. Diferenças nas curvas de crescimento foram observadas entre frangos machos e fêmeas. No geral, os resultados sugeriram o uso do modelo de Richards para descrever a curva de crescimento de frangos Ri. Mais estudos sobre a genética e genômica dos parâmetros de crescimento obtidos são necessários antes de usá-los para o melhoramento genético de frangos Ri.

Prevalence of postural changes in school children and adolescents / Prevalência de alterações posturais em crianças e adolescentes escolares

ABSTRACT Objective Investigate the prevalence of postural changes and correlate them with body weight and the weight of schoolchildren's backpacks in a school in the city of São João del-Rei-MG. Material and Methods The study is an original type, with a cross-sectional design, where 109 schoolchildren of both sexes and mean age of 13 years were evaluated. The New York scale was used for posture analysis, measuring body weight, height, backpack weight, and Body Mass Index (BMI). The ANOVA statistical test and Pearson's correlation test were used, considering a significance level of 0.05. Results According to the results, the general average of the scores of postural problems was 68.7 points, with a predominance in the head, spine, hips, trunk, and abdomen. The regions of shoulder, feet, and neck presented mean scores below seven. The mean height was 1.61 m, body weight 56.03 kg, backpack weight 4.49 kg and BMI was 21.51 kg/m. Conclusion Postural alterations are highly prevalent among the evaluated students. The most affected body segments are the head, spine, hips, trunk, and abdomen. However, this finding was not related to the weight of the backpacks or the students' body weight. However, different parameters must be used to analyze the factors that may be related to such findings, such as ergonomic changes, inadequate habits, growth spurt, among others. Evidence Level III,Cross-sectional Observational Study.

RESUMO Objetivo Investigar a prevalência de alterações posturais e correlacionar com o peso corporal e o peso das mochilas dos escolares em uma escola no município de São João del-Rei-MG. Métodos O estudo é do tipo original, com delineamento transversal onde foram avaliados 109 escolares, com média de idade de 13 anos, de ambos os sexos. A escala de Nova Iorque foi utilizada para análise de postura, medição do peso corporal, altura, peso da mochila e Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC). Foi utilizado o teste estatístico ANOVA e o teste de correlação de Pearson, considerando o nível de significância de 0,05. Resultados De acordo com os resultados, a média geral dos escores dos problemas posturais foi de 68,7 pontos, com predomínio na região da cabeça, coluna, nos quadris, no tronco, e no abdômen. As regiões dos ombros, pés e pescoço apresentaram médias de escores menores que 7. A média da altura foi de 1,61m, do peso corporal de 56,03kg, do peso das mochilas de 4,49 kg e 21,51 kg/m do IMC. Conclusão Conclui-se que existe uma alta prevalência de alterações posturais entre os escolares avaliados. Sendo que, os segmentos corporais mais comprometidos são, a cabeça, a coluna vertebral, os quadris, o tronco e o abdômen. No entanto, esse achado não foi relacionado ao peso das mochilas ou ao peso corporal dos escolares. Assim, diferentes parâmetros devem ser utilizados para analisar os fatores que podem estar relacionados a tais achados, como alterações ergonômicas, hábitos inadequados, estirão de crescimento, entre outros. Nível de Evidência III, Estudo Transversal Observacional.